Examining the relatıonship between irrational performance beliefs and sport anxiety

Akılcı olmayan performans inançları ile spor kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v20i4.6412

Keywords:

Irrational Performance Beliefs, Sport anxiety, Sport psychology, performance, Akıldışı Performans İnançları, Spor kaygısı, Spor psikolojisi, performans

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between irrational performance beliefs and sports anxiety.

Method: A total of 365 young amateur athletes, 108 males (29.6%) and 257 females (70.4%), with an average age of 16±54, participated in the research. "Anxiety in Sports Scale", "Irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory-2" and "Personal Information Form" created by the researcher were used to collect data in the research. The research data were analyzed using a statistical analysis program. Percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation test were used to evaluate the obtained data.

Findings: According to the data obtained from the research results, it was determined that the scores obtained from the irrational performance beliefs inventory and anxiety in sports scale were above the average. It has been revealed that there is a significant relationship between the total score and sub-dimensions of the anxiety scale in sports and the total score and sub-dimensions of the irrational performance beliefs scale.

Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, it was observed that young amateur athletes with high irrational performance beliefs also had high sports anxiety levels.

(Extended English summary is at the end of this document)

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı akıldışı performans inançları ile sportif kaygı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. 

Yöntem: Araştırmaya 108 erkek (%29.6), 257 kadın (%70.4) olmak üzere yaş ortalamaları 16±54 olan toplam 365 genç amatör sporcu katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla “Sporda Kaygı Ölçeği”,  “Akıldışı Performans İnançları Envanteri-2” ve araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin istatistik analiz programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzdelik, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma ve Pearson korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma sonuçlarından elde edilen verilere göre akıldışı performans inançları envanteri ve Sporda kaygı ölçeğinden alınan puanların ortalamanın üstünde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sporda kaygı ölçeği toplam puanı ve alt boyutları ile akıldışı performans inançları ölçeği toplam puanı ve alt boyutları arasında anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre yüksek akıldışı performans inançlarına sahip amatör genç sporcuların sportif kaygı düzeylerinin de yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Ali Burak Toy, Ardahan University

Dr. Öğr.  Üyesi, Ardahan Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimeri Fakültesi

Cihat Korkmaz, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University

Doç. Dr., Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi

References

Aksoy, D. (2019). Spor yaralanmalarında tedavi sonrası durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 89-96

Baumeister, R. F. (1984). Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(3), 610-620. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.610

Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, & Ş., Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi. https://doi.org/10.14527/9789944919289

Cagle, J. G., Bunting, M., Kelemen, A., Lee, J., Terry, D. & Harris, R. (2017). Psychosocial needs and interventions for heart failure patients and families receiving palliative care support: a systematic review. Heart Failure Reviews, 22(5), 565-580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-017-9596-5

Carbonneau, N., Vallerand, R. J., & Massicotte, S. (2010). Is the practice of yoga associated with positive outcomes? The role of passion. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(6), 452-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.534107

Chang, E. C., & D’Zurilla, T. J. (1996). Relations between problem orientation and optimism, pessimism, and trait affectivity: A construct validation study. Behaviour Research and Therapy Volume, 34(2), 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00046-1

Civan, A., Arı, R., Görücü, A., & Özdemir, M. (2010). Bireysel ve takım sporcularının müsabaka öncesi ve sonrası durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 193-206.

Cramer, D. & Buckland, N. (1995). Effect of rational and irrational statements and demand characteristics on task anxiety. The Journal of Psychology, 129(3), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1995.9914964

Cremades, J. G., Wated, G., & Wiggins, M. S. (2011). Multiplicative measurements of a trait anxiety scale as predictors of burnout. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 15(3), 220-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2011.594356

Deen, S., Turner, M. J., & Wong, R. S. (2017). The Effects of REBT, and the use of credos, on irrational beliefs and resilience qualities in athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 31(3), 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0057

DiGiuseppe, R. A., Doyle, K. A., Dryden, W., & Backx, W. (2013). A practitioner’s guide to rational-emotive behavior therapy, 3. Baskı, New York: Oxford University Press.

Dryden, W. (2009). How to think and intervene like an REBT therapist. London: Routledge.

Dryden, W., & Branch, R. (2008). The fundamentals of rational emotive behaviour therapy: A training handbook. Chichester: Wiley.

Elko, P. K., & Ostrow, A. C. (1991). Effects of a rational–emotive education program on heightened anxiety levels of female collegiate gymnasts. The Sport Psychologist, 5(3), 235-255. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.5.3.235

Ellis, A. (1957). Rational psychotherapy and individual psychology. Journal of İndividual Psychology, 13(1), 38.

Ellis, A. (1995). Changing rational-emotive therapy (RET) to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 13(2), 85-89.

Ellis, A. & Bernard, M. E. (1985). Using rational-emotive therapy effectively: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2485-0

Ellis, A. ( 1993). Reflections on rational-emotive therapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 61, 199– 201.

Ellis, A., & MacLaren, C. (1998). Rational emotive behavior therapy: A Clinician’s guide. Impact Publishers

Fives, C. J., Kong, G., Fuller, J. R., & DiGiuseppe, R. (2011). Anger, aggression, and irrational beliefs in adolescents. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35, 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9293-3

Flanagan, R., Povall, L., Dellino, M., & Byrne, L. (1998). A comparison of problem solving with and without rational emotive behavior therapy to ımprove children's social skills. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 16(2), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024986327879

Gacar, A. & Coşkuner, Z. (2010). Güreşçilerin sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 5(4), 241-250.

Geukes, K., Mesagno, C., Hanrahan, S. J., & Kellmann, M. (2013). Performing under pressure in private: Activation of self-focus traits. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2012.724195

Gibson, J. T., & Chandler, L. A. (1988). Educational psychology: Mastering principles and applications. Allyn & Bacon.

Gonzalez, J. E., Nelson, J. R., Gutkin, T. B., Saunders, A., Galloway, A. ve Shwery, C. S. (2004). Rational-emotive therapy with children and adolescence: A meta-analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 12(4): 222–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342660401200403

Hamidi, S., & Besharat, M. A. (2010). Perfectionism and competitive anxiety in athletes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 813-817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.190

Harris, S., Davies, M.F., & Dryden ,W. (2006). An experimental test of a core REBT hypothesis: Evidence that irrational beliefs lead to physiological as well as psychological arousal. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 24(2), 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-005-0019-5

Hill, D. M., Hanton, S., Fleming, S. & Matthews, N. (2009). Are- examination of choking in sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 9(4), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390902818278

Ilundain-Agurruza, J. (2015). From clumsy failure to skillful fluency: A phenomenological analysis of an Eastern solution to sport’s choking effect. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 14(2), 397–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-014-9408-5

Iso-Ahola, S., E. & Hatfield, B. (1986). Psychology of Sports: A Social Psychological Approach. Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.

Karadağ, D., & Aşçı, F. H. (2020). Adölesan sporcularda çok boyutlu kaygının değerlendirilmesi: spor kaygı ölçeği-2'nin geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Turkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2020-75226

Karakaya, I., Coşkun, A., & Ağaoğlu, B. (2006). Yüzücülerin depresyon, benlik saygısı ve kaygı düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7(3), 162-166.

Karayol, M., & Eroğlu, S. Y. (2020). Takım ve bireysel sporlarla ilgilenen sporcuların spor yaralanması kaygı durumlarının incelenmesi. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 4(1), 137-144.

Larner, C., Morris, T. & Marchant, D. (2007). The management of directional trait anxiety in competitive sports with rational-emotive behavior therapy, Paper Presented at the European Congress of Sport Psychology. September, Retrieved from http://www.fepsac.com/index.php/congresses/congress_2007/m

Macaskill, N. D., & Macaskill, A. (1996). Rational-emotive therapy plus pharmacotherapy versus pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of high cognitive dysfunction depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20(6), 575-592. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02227962

MacInnes, D. (2003). Evaluating an assessment scale of irrational beliefs for people with mental health problems. Nurse Researcher, 10, 53–67. doi: 10.7748/nr2003.07.10.4.53.c5907

Malouff, J. M., Schutte, N. S. & McClelland, T. (1992). Examination of the relationship between irrational beliefs and state anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(4), 451–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90074-Y

Martin, R.C., & Dahlen, E.R. (2004). Irrational beliefs and the experience and expression of anger. Journal of Rational Emotive Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 22, 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JORE.0000011574.44362.8f

McCarthy, P., & Barker, J. (2009). Stress in young athletes: time for a developmental analysis?. In Handbook of Sport Psychology. Nova Science Publishers, 171-194.

Mesagno, C. & Hill, D. M. (2013). Choking under pressure debate: ıs there chaos in the brickyard?. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 44, 288–293. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP2013.44.294

Morris, R. L. & Kavussanu, M. (2009). The role of approach‐avoidance versus task and ego goals in enjoyment and cognitive anxiety in youth sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(2), 185-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671899

Özyürek, A. & Demiray, K. (2010). Yurtta ve ailesi yanında kalan ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin kaygı düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Dogus University Journal, 11(2), 247-256.

Saelid, G. A., & Nordahl, H. M.(2016). Rational emotive behaviour therapy in high schools to educate in mental health and empower youth health. A randomized controlled study of a brief intervention. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 45(3), 196-210. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2016.1233453

Samar, S., Walton, K., & Mcdermut, W. (2013). Personality traits predict irrational beliefs. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 31, 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-013-0172-1

Schaefer, J., Vella, S. A., Allen, M. S., & Magee, C. A. (2016). Competition anxiety, motivation, and mental toughness in golf. Journal of applied sport psychology, 28(3), 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1162219

Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., Cumming, S. P. & Grossbard, J. R. (2006). Measurement of multidimensional sport performance anxiety in children and adults: The Sport Anxiety Scale-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(4), 479-501. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.28.4.479

Sporrle, M., & Forsterling, F. (2007). Which thoughts can kill a boxer? Naïve theories about cognitive and emotional antecedents of suicides. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 80, 497–512. https://doi.org/10.1348/147608307X206736

Spörrle, M., Strobel, M., & Tumasjan, A. (2010). On the incremental validity of irrational beliefs to predict subjective well-being while controlling for personality factors. Psicothema, 22 (4), 543-548.

Terjesen, M. D., DiGiuseppe, R., & Gruner, P. (2000). A review of REBT research in alcohol abuse treatment. Journal of rational-emotive and cognitive-behavior therapy, 18(3), 165-179. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007878921028

Tobacyk, J. J. & Downs, A. (1986). Personal construct threat and irrational beliefs as cognitive predictors of increases in musical performance anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(4), 779–782. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.4.779

Toy, A. B. (2021). Akılcı duygusal davranışçı yaklaşım temelli psiko-eğitim programının sporda kaygı ve akıldışı performans inançları üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmış doktora tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Mersin.

Toy, A. B., Güney, G., & Coşgun, B. (2022). Genç sporcuların akıldışı performans inançlarının incelenmesi. Journal of Advanced Education Studies, 4(1), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.48166/ejaes.1119813

Tsopani, D., Dallas, G. & Skordilis, E. K. (2011). Competitive state anxiety and performance in young female rhythmic gymnasts. Perceptual And Motor Skills. 112(2), 549-560. https://doi.org/10.2466/05.09.20.PMS.112.2.549-560

Turner, M. J., & Allen, M. S. (2018). Confirmatory factor analysis of the irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory (iPBI) in a sample of amateur and semi-professional athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 35, 126–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.11.017

Turner, M. J. (2016). Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), irrational and rational beliefs, and the mental health of athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(9), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01423

Turner, M. J., & Barker, J. B. (2014). Using rational emotive behavior therapy with athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 28(1), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2013-0012

Turner, M., & Barker, J. B. (2013). Examining the efficacy of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) on irrational beliefs and anxiety in elite youth cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 25(1), 131-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.574311

Urfa, O., & Aşçı, F. H. (2018). Akıldışı performans inançları envanteri–2’nin psikometrik özelliklerinin sınanması. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 38(2), 219-236. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2018-0004

Ünver, Ş., Şimşek, E., İslamoğlu, İ., & Arslan, H. (2020). Üniversite Takımlarında Yer Alan Sporcuların Yaralanma Kaygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(3), 400-410.

Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (6. Ed.). Human Kinetics.

Weinberg, R. S. & Gould, D. (2018). Arousal, stress, and anxiety. Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. (7. Ed.) Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 77-101.

Wood, A. G., Barker, J. B., Turner, M., & Thomson, P. (2018). Exploring the effects of a single rational emotive behavior therapy workshop in elite blind soccer players. The Sport Psychologist, 32(4), 321-332. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2017-0122

Wood, A. G., Barker, J. B., Turner, M. J., & Sheffield, D. (2017). Examining the effects of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on performance outcomes in elite paralympic athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 28(1), 329-339. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12926

Xu, L., & Liu ,H. (2017). Effects of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) intervention program on mental health in female college students. NeuroQuantology, 15(4), 156-161.

Yahya, G. (2021). Sporcularda Akıldışı Performans İnançları İle Tükenmişlik Arasındaki İlişkide Tutkunluğun Aracı Rolü. Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.

Yıkılmaz, M., & Hamamcı, Z. (2011). Akılcı duygusal eğitim programının lise öğrencilerinin akılcı olmayan inançları ve algılanan problem çözme becerileri üzerine etkisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35), 54-65.

Yılmaz, B. Ş., & Duy, B. (2013). Psiko-eğitim uygulamasının kız öğrencilerin benlik saygısı ve akılcı olmayan inançları üzerine etkisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(39), 68-81.

Downloads

Published

2023-10-21

How to Cite

Toy, A. B. ., & Korkmaz, C. (2023). Examining the relatıonship between irrational performance beliefs and sport anxiety: Akılcı olmayan performans inançları ile spor kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Journal of Human Sciences, 20(4), 611–621. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v20i4.6412

Issue

Section

Physical Education and Sport Sciences