Human security in developing regions: Critical perspectives of health security in Nigeria

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i4.5719

Keywords:

epidemic, communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, health, human security.

Abstract

Rising epidemic of communicable and non-communicable diseases, exacerbate the Nigeria health indicators. Low budgetary allocation and lack of policy prioritisation further weakened the health sector adding to spate of preventable and avoidable morbidity and mortality rate in the country. This study explores health insecurity as vital core of human security in Nigeria; securitization of health for policy priority; and the range of health challenges that pose threats to human wellbeing. Explorative method and comparative analysis are adopted to investigate the ‘existential threat’ that health insecurity pose to human lives and livelihood. The paper suggests prioritizing health issues and improving access and quality of services; assuring its availability and accessibility to all Nigerians.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Mahmudat Olawunmi Muhibbu-Din, University of Maiduguri

Mahmudat Muhibbu-Din holds Ph.D. in Political Science and a Lecturer in the Department of Political Science, University of Maiduguri

References

Aldis, W. (2008) ‘Health Security as a Public Health Concept: A Critical Analysis’ Health Policy and Planning, 23:369-375. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czn030.

Alkire, S. (2003) A Conceptual Framework for Human Security Working Paper 2. Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity, CRISE Queen Elizabeth, University of Oxford, Available at http://www3.qeh.ox.ac.uk/pdf/crisewps/workingpaper2.pdf. Accessed on 12 March, 2010.

Amaghionyeodiwe, L. (1999) ‘Fiscal Federalism, Health Care Spending and National Development: The Nigerian Experience’ Selected Papers Presented at the 1999 NES Annual Conference on Fiscal Federalism and Nigeria’s Economic Development, pp.379-404.

-------------------------- (2009) ‘User Charges, Health Care Choice and Willingness to Pay for Public Sector Health Services in Nigeria’, In A. Adenikinju, D. Busari and S. Olofin (eds.) Applied Econometrics & Macroeconometric Modelling in Nigeria, Ibadan: Ibadan University Press, pp.425-452.

AVERT (2019) HIV and AIDS in Nigeria. Available at: https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/nigeria. Accessed on 19/02/2019.

Benn, C., Omi, S. and Rossert-Blavier, H. (2004) Effective Regional and Global Responses to the Human Security Challenges of HIV/AIDS and Other Communicable Diseases in Asia. A Paper Presented in a Conference on The Human Security Challenges of HIV/AIDS and Other Communicable Diseases: Exploring Effective Regional and Global Responses, Tokyo: JCIE, pp. 44-50

Caballero-Anthony, M (2002) ‘Overview of Health and Human Security Case Studies’, In P. J. Noda (ed.) Health and Human Security: Moving from Concept to Action-Fourth Intellectual Dialogue on Building Asia’s Tomorrow, Tokyo: Japan Centre for International Exchange, pp.21-44.

------------------------- (2004) ‘Revisioning Human Security in Southeast Asia’, Asian Perspective, Vol.28, No. 3, pp.155-189. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42704471

----------- (2006a) ‘Human Security Approaches: Health as a Global Public Good’. A Paper Presented at a Conference on Cross-Border Cooperation in the Global Fight Against HIV/AIDs, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, Beijing.

----------------------- (2006b) ‘Combating Infectious diseases in East Asia: Securitization and Global Public Goods for Health and Human Security’, Journal of International Affairs, vol. 59, no.2, p105-127. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24358429

Chen, L. (2004) ‘Health as a Human Security for the 21st Century’. Paper for Human Security Track III, Helsinki Process. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.681

Commission on Human Security (CHS) (2003) Human Security Now, Final Report of the Commission on Human Security, New York: United Nations Publishing: Available at http:// www.humansecurity-chs.org/finalreport/ (accessed 14 March 2010).

Cooke, Jennifer G. and Tahir, Farha (2013) Maternal Health in Nigeria. With Leadership Progress is Possible. A Report of the CSIS Global Health Policy Centre, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).

Daramola, T. (1984) Challenges of Providing Comprehensive Health Care for Nigerians. An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at the University of Ife on Tuesday, April 21, Inaugural Lecture Series 54.

Desai, V. N. and Yamamoto, T. (2004) Foreword Presented in a Conference on The Human Security Challenges of HIV/AIDS and Other Communicable Diseases: Exploring Effective Regional and Global Responses, Tokyo: JCIE, pp.5-6.

Duru E.J. and Nwagbos, C.I. (2007) The Problems and Prospect of Public Health Care Development in Nigeria’s Local Government System, Global Journal of Social Science, Vol. 6, No.1, pp.51-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjss.v6i1.22826

Earle, Sarah (2007) Promoting Public Health in a Global Context in C.E. Loyd, S. Handsley, J. Douglas, S. Earle and S. Spurr (eds.) Policy and Practice in Promoting Public Health, London: Sage Published in association with The Open University.

Esene, Isi (2012) “FG Promises Expectant Mothers N5000 Stipend”, YNaija, July 23 2012 http://www.ynaija.com/fg-promises-expectant-mothers-n5000-stipend/. Accessed on 18th March 2013.

Ezeoke O.P, Onwujekwe O.E, and Uzochukwu B.S (2012) Towards Universal Coverage:Examining Costs of Illness, Payment, and Coping Strategies to different Population Groups in Southeast Nigeria. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Jan; 86(1):52-7. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0090

Federal Ministry of Health (2006) National Policy on Partnership for Health in Nigeria, Federal Secretariat, Abuja.

Federal Ministry of Health (2008) Review of Health Sector Reform Program, FGN.

Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTBLCP) Workers’ Manual (2010) – Revised 5th Edition.

Federal Ministry of Health (2010) National Strategic Health Development Plan (National Health Plan) 2010-2015, FGN.

Feldbaum, H., Patel, P., Sondorp, E. and Lee, K. (2006) ‘Global Health and National Security: The Need for Critical Engagement’ Medicine, Conflict and Survival, 22 (3): 192-198. DOI: 10.1080/13623690600772501

Fiddler, D.P. (2003) Emerging Trends in International law concerning Infectious Disease Control, Emerging Infectious Disease, Vol. 9, No.3, pp.285-290. DOI:10.3201/eid0903.020336

Glasius, M. (2008) ‘Human Security from Paradigm Shift to Operationalization: Job Description for a Human Security Worker’, Security Dialogue, Volume 39, No. 1, pp.31-54. doi/10.1177/0967010607086822

Gwatkin, D. (2000) Health inequalities and the health of the poor: What do we know? What can we do? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 3-18.

Helle T, Beaumont K., Earle S. and Douglas J. and Jones L. (2007) ‘Addressing Poverty and Health’ in C.E. Loyd, S. Handsley, J. Douglas, S. Earle and S. Spurr (eds.) Policy and Practice in Promoting Public Health, London: Sage Published in association with The Open University

Ingram, A. (2005) ‘The New Geopolitics of Diseases: Between Global Health and Global Security’, Geopolitics, 10:522-545. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040591003516.

Iqbal, Z. (2006) ‘Health and Human Security: The Public Health Impact of Violent Conflict’ International Studies Quarterly, 50,631-649. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00417.x.

Judd-Leonard, O. (2012) Nigeria: Expanded MSS Targets 3 Million Women, 19,000 Jobs, Daily Trust, 5 April 2012.

Kelle, A. (2007) ‘Securitization of International Public Health: Implications for Global Health Governance and the Biological Weapons Prohibition Regime’, Global Governance 13, 217-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00417.x

Knapp, A. (2005) ‘The HBV and HCV Pandemic: Health, Political, and Security Challenges’ Political Science Quarterly, Volume 120, Number 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2005.tb00546.x

Lancet (2008) ‘Commentary, Human Security Approach for Global Health’, The Lancet, vol. 372, p.13-14. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60971-X

Lucas, A. (2002) Public Health in Nigeria, Archives of Ibadan Medicine, An International Journal of Medicine Science, Vol. 3, No.2, pp. 41-44.

Lynch John W., Smith George D., Kaplan George and House James S. (2000) Income Inequality and Mortality: Importance to Health of Individual Income, Psycho Social Environment, or Material Condition, BMJ; 320:1200-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7243.1200

Maclean, S. (2008) ‘Microbes, Mad Cows and Militaries: Exploring the Links between Health and Security’ Security Dialogue, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.475-494. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010608096149.

McSweeney, Bill (1996) Identity and Security: Buzan and the Copenhagen School, Review of International Studies, 22 (1):81-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210500118467

Makeri, D.Y. (2003) ‘Health Care Delivery System in Nigeria’. Occasional Publication Papers of the National Institute Interactive Sessions 2001. Kuru: National Institute and Strategic Studies, Nigeria, pp. 61-89.

Massoud, O. (2008) ‘Governance and Primary Health Care Delivery in Nigeria’ M. Sama and V. Nguyen (eds.) Governing Health Systems in Africa, CODESRIA: Dakar, pp.15-24.

Morikawa, M.J. (2008) ‘Effect of Security Threat on Primary Care Access in Logar Province, Afghanistan’, Medicine, Conflict and Survival, Vol.24, No.1, pp. 59-64. doi: 10.1080/13623690701775247

NAN (2016) Preventing Lassa Fever Infection in Nigeria. The Guardian. Available at: http://guardian.ng/news/preventing-lassa-fever-infection-in- nigeria/ accessed on 5/22/2016.

National Bureau of Statistics (2007) Nigeria Poverty Assessment 2007, Federal Republic of Nigeria. National Centre for Diseases Control 2019 website.

National Primary Health Care Development Agency

Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2003), Abuja: NPC

Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2008), Abuja: NPC

Nwakioko J., James K., Switzer G and Stern J. (2016) ‘Giving Back: A Mixed Methods Study of the Contributions of US-based Nigerian Physicians to Home Country Health Systems’, Globalisation and Health, 12:33. doi: 10.1186/s12992-016-0165-9

Obiajulu, N. (2007) ‘The Right to Health in Nigeria. Right to Health in the Middle East’ Project, Law School, University of Aberdeen. Available at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/law/hhr.shtml (Accessed on 19 September, 2010).

OECD (2015) Africa Development Aid at a Glance 2015 Editions. Available at:

https://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/documentupload/2%20Africa%20-%20Development%20Aid%20at%20a%20Glance%202015.pdf. Accessed on 7/15/2016.

Ogundipe, Sola (2011) “World Bank Seeks Adoption of Ondo State’s Abiye Project as Model for Africa”, July 19, 2011, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/07/world-bank-seeks-adoption-of-ondo-state%E2%80%99s-Abiye-project-as-model-for-africa/. Accessed on 18th March 2013.

Olaniyan, O. And Lawanson, A. (2010) Health Expenditure and Health Status in Northern and Southern Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis Using NHA Framework. Paper Presented at the CSAE Conference held at St Catherine College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, March 2010. Available at: http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/conferences/2010-EDiA/papers/451-Lawanson.pdf. Accessed on 06/09/2013

Onoka CA, Onwujekwe OE, Hanson K, Uzochukwu BSC. ‘Examining catastrophic health expenditures at variable thresholds using household consumption expenditure diaries’. Tropical Medicine International Health 2011; 16: 1334–41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02836.x.

Onwujekwe O., Hanson K., Uzochukwu B. (2012) ‘Examining Inequities in Incidence of Catastrophic Health Expenditures on Different Healthcare Services and Health Facilities in Nigeria’, PLoSONE 7(7), p1-6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040811.

Onwujekwe O, Hanson K, Uzochukwu B, Ichoku H, Ike E, Onwughalu B. ‘Are malaria treatment expenditures catastrophic to different socio-economic and geographic groups and how do they cope with payment? A study in southeast Nigeria’. Tropical Medical International Health 2010; 15: 18–25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02418.x.

PSI : Nigeria. Available at www.psi.org/nigeria. Accessed on 1/29/2014

Parmley, William W. (2000) ‘Poverty and Health’, Journal of American College of Cardiology, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp.1359-60.

Punch (2018) WHO Rates Nigeria Low in Health Coverage. Available at: https://www.msn.com/en-xl/africa/africa-top-stories/who-rates-nigeria-low-in-health-coverage/ar-BBQOY7w?li=BBQbhAJ&ocid=wispr. Accessed on 12/12/18

Roe, P. (2008) ‘Value’ of Positive Security’, Review of International Studies, 34 (4), pp. 777-794. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210508008279.

Shiffman, J. and Okonofua, F.E. (2006) ‘The State of Political Priority for Safe Motherhood in Nigeria’, BJOG; 114:127-133. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01184.x

Soyinbo, A. (2005) Health Care Delivery under Conflict: How Prepared is West Africa? Ibadan: University Press Plc.

Stronks, K. and Mackenback, J.P. (2005) ‘Evaluating the Effect of Policies and Interventions to Address Inequalities in Health: Lessons from A Dutch Programme’, European Journal of Public Health, 16 (4) 346-53. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cki157

Suhrke, A. (1999) ‘Human Security and the Interest of States’, Security Dialogue, 30(3):265-276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010699030003002.

Tajbakhsh, S. (2005) The Seven Challenges of Operationalizing the Concept “Human Security: 60 Minutes to Convince” Organized by UNESCO, Section of SHS⁄ FPH⁄ PHS September 13, 2005-09-14, Paris, France, Available at http: ⁄⁄www.peacecenter.sciences-po.fr⁄ pdf⁄unesco (Accessed on 15 March, 2009)

Tadjbakhsh, S. and Chenoy, A. (2007) Human Security. Concepts and Implications. London: Routledge.

Tankwanchi ABS, Ozden C, Vermund SH. Physician emigration from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States: analysis of the 2011 AMA physician masterfile. PLoS Med. 2013; 10.

Thompson, T. S. (2004) Keynote Address Presented in a Conference on The Human Security Challenges of HIV/AIDS and Other Communicable Diseases: Exploring Effective Regional and Global Responses, Tokyo: JCIE, pp. 22-28.

Tien, Marie, Sylvia Ness, UgochukwuAmanyeiwe, EchenduAdinma, UzoEbenebe, and Azubike Nweje (2009) Nigeria: Reproductive Health Commodity Security Situation Analysis. Arlington, Va.: USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, Task Order 1.

The Guardian (2019) Nigeria's Low Ranking in Global Healthcare Index

https://guardian.ng/opinion/nigerias-low-ranking-in-global-healthcare-...1 Accessed on 16/2/2019.

UNAIDS Nigeria http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/nigeria. Accessed on 18/02/19.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 1994. Human Development Report Annual Report, New York: UNDP.

United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (2007) The Trust Fund for Human Security for the “Human-Centred” 21st Century, Japan Global Issues Cooperation Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, pp. 1-16. Available at http: ⁄⁄www.mofa.go.jp⁄mofab⁄gaiko⁄hs⁄index.html. (Accessed on 16 March 2009).

Vanguard 2017 Communicable Diseases, Others take Deadly Toll on Nigerians- Study. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/communicable-diseases-others-take-deadly-toll-nigerians-study/

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium, Lassa Fever. Available at: http://vhfc.org/lassa_fever. Accessed on 5/22/2016

World Development Indicators (2015a) Available at: wdi.worldbank.org/table/2.20. Accessed on 12/25/2015.

World Development Indicators (2015b) Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/country/nigeria. Accessed on 12/25/2015.

World Health Organization (2010) Health Systems Financing: The Path to Universal Coverage, Geneva: WHO

World Health Organization (2018a) Global Tuberculosis Report Geneva: World Health Organization.

World Health Organization (2018b) Emergencies Preparedness, Response. Lassa Fever-Nigeria. Disease Outbreak News. Available at: https://www.who.int/csr/don/20-april-2018-lassa-fever-nigeria/en/. Accessed on 12/04/2018.

World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database. Available at: https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/nigeria/indicator/SH.XPD.OOPC. Accessed on 04/12/18.

World Health Organization (2019) Nigeria. Available at: https://www.who.int/countries/nga/en/. Accessed on 16/02/19.

Downloads

Published

2020-11-05

How to Cite

Muhibbu-Din, M. O. (2020). Human security in developing regions: Critical perspectives of health security in Nigeria . Journal of Human Sciences, 17(4), 1054–1068. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i4.5719

Issue

Section

Health Issues