Improvement of children’s health through water, sanitation and hygiene and public health interventions: A systematic review<p>Su, sanitasyon ve hijyen yoluyla çocuk sağlığının iyileştirilmesi ve halk sağlığı girişimleri: Sistematik derleme

Authors

  • Şafak Dağhan Ege University
  • Gülçin Yelten Ege University

Keywords:

water, sanitation, hygiene, child health, public health interventions

Abstract

Each year, 1.4 million children die from preventable diarrheal diseases in the world and %88 of these cases are associated with unsafe water, poor sanitation and hygiene. According to the World Health Organization’s report, approximately 10% of the global burden of disease is able to be prevented from provide water, sanitation and hygiene and management of water resources. The aim of this systematic review, to assess the results of researches evaluating the relationship between child health and water, sanitation, hygiene and public health interventions in this field and to examine the evidence. In order to reach articles relative to the topic, a scan was conducted of ten databases (Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHOST), BMJ Online Journals, LWW Total Access Collection (OVID), Oxford University Press Online Journals, Sage, Science Direct, Springerlink, Taylor&Francis Online Journals, Web of science, Wiley Interscience) providing access to publications on health sciences on the information net of Ege University library. The key words child health, water, sanitation and hygiene were used in the scan, as a result of which 284 research articles were found, and a total of 21 studies which fitted the criteria were included in the review. Although only 9.5% of the studies of children’s health and water health, sanitation and hygiene carried out in the last 20 years and included in the review were based in scientific proof, it was repeatedly shown at lower levels of proof that access to water and sanitation made an independent contribution to children’s health. These results show that effective interventions improving and developing health in relation to sanitation and hygiene have been tested, but that more experimental studies are needed. When developing public health policies on the provision of water, hygiene and sanitation, it is important to take account of the work force of public health nurses.

Özet

Dünyada her yıl 1.4 milyon çocuk önlenebilir ishalli hastalıklardan ölmektedir ve bu vakaların %88'i güvenli olmayan su, yetersiz sanitasyon ve hijyen ile ilişkilidir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün raporuna göre küresel hastalık yükünün yaklaşık % 10'u, su, sanitasyon, hijyenin sağlanması ve su kaynaklarının yönetimi ile önlenebilmektedir. Bu sistematik derleme, çocuk sağlığı ile su sağlığı, sanitasyon ve hijyen ilişkisini ve bu konudaki halk sağlığı girişimlerini değerlendiren araştırmaların sonuçlarını ve elde edilen kanıtları incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Konuyla ilgili makalelere ulaşmak için Ege Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi bilgi ağındaki sağlık bilimleri ile ilişkili yayınlara erişim sağlayan 10 veri tabanında (Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHOST), BMJ Online Journals, LWW Total Access Collection (OVID), Oxford University Press Online Journals, Sage, Science Direct, Springerlink, Taylor&Francis Online Journals, Web of science, Wiley Interscience) tarama yapılmıştır. Taramada "Child health", water, sanitation and hygiene anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Tarama sonucunda toplam 284 araştırmaya ulaşılmış, kriterlere uygun toplam 21 araştırma derleme kapsamına alınmıştır. Derleme kapsamında ulaşılan son yirmi yılda yapılmış çocuk sağlığı ve su sağlığı, sanitasyon ve hijyen ilişkili araştırmaların yalnızca % 9,5'i kuvvetli bilimsel kanıt oluşturmakla birlikte, daha alt düzeydeki kanıtlar; su ve sanitasyona erişimin çocuk sağlığına bağımsız olarak katkıda bulunduğunu tekrarlı biçimde göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, sanitasyon ve hijyen ile ilgili sağlığı iyileştiren ve geliştiren etkili müdahalelerin test edildiği, daha fazla deneysel araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğunu göstermektedir. Su, sanitasyon ve hijyenin sağlanması konusunda toplumsal sağlık politikaları geliştirilirken, halk sağlığı hemşiresi iş gücünün de önemle dikkate alınması gerekmektedir.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Şafak Dağhan, Ege University

Faculty of Nursing, Public Health Nursing Department

Gülçin Yelten, Ege University

Faculty of Nursing, Public Health Nursing Department

References

Aluisio, A.R., Maroof, Z., Chandramohan, D., Bruce, J., Masher, M.I, Manaseki-

Holland, S. & et al. (2015). Risk Factors Associated with Recurrent Diarrheal Illnesses among Children in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS ONE, 10(2).

Andrade, I.G., Queiroz, J.W., Cabral, A.P., Lieberman, J.A. & Jeronimo, S.M.B. (2009). Improved sanitation and income are associated with decreased rates of hospitalization for diarrhoea in Brazilian infants. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103: 506-511.

Annual report (2014). [http://water.org/news/press/] Erişim tarihi: 30.07.2015

Arnold, B., Arana B., Mausezahl D., Hubbard A. And Colford J.M. (2009). Evaluation of a pre-existing, 3-year household water treatment and handwashing intervention in rural Guatemala. International Journal of Epidemiology, 38:1651–1661.

Bhutia, Z.A., Ahmed T., Black R.E., Cousens S., Dewey K., Giugliani E., et al. (2008). What works? Intervention for maternal and child undernutrition. The Lancet, 371 (9610):417–40.

Botting, M.J, Porbeni, E.O., Joffres, M.R., Johnston, B.C., Black, R.E. & Mills, E.J. (2010). Water and sanitation infrastructure for health: The impact of foreign aid. Globalization and Health, 6 (12).

Bradt, D.A. & Drummond, C.M. (2008). Delayed recognition of excess mortality in West Timor. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 20, 70–77.

Brown, J., Cairncross, S. & Ensink J. (2013). Water, sanitation, hygiene and enteric infections in children. Global Child Health

Capuno, J.J., Tan, C.A. & Fabella V.M. (2015). Do Piped Water and Flush Toilets Prevent Child Diarrhea in Rural Philippines?. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2).

Cheng, J.J., Schuster-Wallace, C.J., Watt, S., Newbold, B.K. & Mente A. (2012). An ecological quantification of the relationships between water, sanitation and infant, child, and maternal mortality. Environmental Health, 11 (4).

Cheung, Y.B. (1999). The impact of water supplies and sanitation on growth in Chinese children. The Journal of The Royal society for the promotion of health, 119(2).

Chola, L., Michalow, J., Tugendhaft, A. & Hofman, K. (2015). Reducing diarrhoea deaths in South Africa: costs and effects of scaling up essential interventions to prevent and treat diarrhoea in under-five children. BMC Public Health, 15:394.

Coşkun, S., Özgenç, N. & Güneş S. (2015). Sosyal performansın ölçümünde

yeni yöntem: sosyal gelişme endeksi ve Türkiye’nin görünümü. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 34:121-153.

Ejemot-Nwadiaro, R., Ehiri, J.E., Meremikwu, M.M. & Critchley, J.A. (2008). Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 23: CD004265.

Ercumen, A., Naser, A.M., Unicomb, L., Arnold, B.F., Colford, J.M. & Luby SP. (2015). Effects of Source- versus Household Contamination of Tubewell Water on Child Diarrhea in Rural Bangladesh: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Plos One.

Gayawan, E. & Turra, C.M. (2014). Mapping the determinants of child mortality in Nigeria: estimates from mortality index. African Geographical Review 34(3):269-293.

Gungoren, B., Latipov, R., Regallet, G. & Musabaev, E. (2007). Effect of hygiene promotion on the risk of reinfection rate of intestinal parasites in children in rural Uzbekistan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 101:564-569.

Hoque, B.A., Chakraborty, J., Chowdhury, J.T.A., Chowdhury, U.K., Ali, M., Arifeen, S.E. & Sack, R.B. (1999). Effects of environmental factors on child survival in Bangladesh: a case control study. Public Health, 113:57-64.

http://water.org/water-crisis/water-facts/children/ Erişim tarihi: 30.07.2015.

http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/ind/IND%202013%20FINAL.pdf Erişim tarihi:30.07.2015.

http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/ind/IND_Kit_2014.pdf Erişim tarihi: 16.08.2015.

Macassa, G., Leon, A.P.D. & Burström, B. (2006). The impact of water supply and sanitation on area differentials in the decline of diarrhoeal disease mortality among infants in Stockholm 1878–1925. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34: 526–533.

Mausezahl, D., Christen, A., Pacheco, G.D., Tellez, F.A., Iriarte, M., Zapata, M.E., Myriam, C. et al. (2009). Solar Drinking Water Disinfection (SODIS) to Reduce Childhood Diarrhoea in Rural Bolivia: A ClusterRandomized, Controlled Trial. PLoS Medicine, 6(8).

Merchant, A.T., Jones, C., Kiure, A., Kupka, R., Fitzmaurice, G., Herrera, M.G. & Fawzi, W.W. (2003). Water and sanitation associated with improved child growth. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57:1562–1568.

Mondal, N. I., Hossain, K. & Korban, A. (2009). Factors influencing infant and child mortality: A case study of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. Journal of Human Ecology, 26:31-39.

Nanan, D, White, F., Azam, I., Afsar, H. & Hozhabri, S.(2003). Evaluation of a water, sanitation, and hygiene education intervention on diarrhoea in northern Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81(3).

Osumanu, I.K. (2007). Household environmental and behavioural determinants of childhood diarrhoea morbidity in the Tamale Metropolitan Area (TMA), Ghana. Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography,107(1).

Panigrahi, A. & Das, S.C. (2014). Undernutrition and Its Correlates among Children of 3–9 Years of Age Residing in Slum Areas of Bhubaneswar, India. The Scientific World Journal, 719673:1–9.

Poel, E.V. & Speybroeck, N. (2008). Decomposing malnutrition inequalities between Scheduled Castes and Tribes and the remaining Indian population. Ethnicity & Health, 14 (3): 271-287.

Pruss-Ustun, A., Bos, R., Gore, F. & Bartram, J. (2008). Safer water, better health: costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health. World Health Organization, Geneva.

Singh, K.D., Alagarajan, M. & Ladusingh, L. (2015). What Explains Child Malnutrition of Indigenous People of Northeast India?. PLoS ONE,10(6).

The PRISMA Statement. www.prisma-statement.org. Erişim tarihi: 15.07.2015.

Unicef & WHO. (2009). Diarrhea: Why Children are Still Dying and What Can be Done New York and Geneva.

Unicef & WHO. (2015). Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 update and MDG assessment. Printed in the United States of America.

Unicef. (2015).The State Of The World’s Children 2015: Executive Summary

United Nations: Official list of MDG Indicators. [http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/ Host.aspx?Content=Indicators/OfficialList.htm]. Erişim tarihi: 30.07.2015.

Wong, H.J., Moy, F.M. & Nair, S. (2014). Risk factors of malnutrition among preschool children in Terengganu, Malaysia: a case control study. BMC Public Health, 14 (785).

Downloads

Published

2016-07-15

How to Cite

Dağhan, Şafak, & Yelten, G. (2016). Improvement of children’s health through water, sanitation and hygiene and public health interventions: A systematic review&lt;p&gt;Su, sanitasyon ve hijyen yoluyla çocuk sağlığının iyileştirilmesi ve halk sağlığı girişimleri: Sistematik derleme. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 2921–2951. Retrieved from https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/3697

Issue

Section

Nursing and Midwifery