The examination of sport managers and coaches’ stress levels and depressed mood at work in Turkey

Authors

  • Bilge Donuk Istanbul University
  • Süleyman Şahin Bursa Provincial Director of Youth and Sport
  • Faruk Yamaner School of Physical Education and Sports, Hitit University

Keywords:

Sport managers, coaches, stress, depressed mood

Abstract

This paper is an investigation of stress levels and depressed mood at work in sport managers and coaches. Three different questionnaires were applied to professional sport managers (n=60) and coaches (n=52) in Turkey to regard to potential sources of stress before, during and after competitions. This sample represented approximately 21% of the total professional football, basketball and volleyball clubs in Turkey. The questionnaires used are “Perceived Stress Questionnaire”, “Anxiety-Stress Questionnaire” and “Depressed Mood at Work Questionnaire”. Our findings indicated that: The aim of first questionnaire was to assess perceived stressful situations and results show that general stress levels of managers and coaches are under the average. When we examine the second questionnaire consisting of health, physical condition, tension caused by stress; it is seen that negative effects of these factors increase. At last; according to the depressed mood at work questionnaire which evaluates the physiological conditions related to stress; it’s found out that both managers and coaches aren’t satisfied with their working atmosphere and managers’ unhappiness levels are higher than coaches are.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Bilge Donuk, Istanbul University

school of physical education and sports

Süleyman Şahin, Bursa Provincial Director of Youth and Sport

Bursa Provincial Director of Youth and Sport

Faruk Yamaner, School of Physical Education and Sports, Hitit University

School of Physical Education and Sports

References

Jones, J. G., A cognitive perspective on the processes underlying the relationship between stress and performance in sport. In J. G. Jones & L. Hardy (Eds.), Stress and performance in sport (17–42). Chichester, UK. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, (1990), 15, 134-159.

Fliege, H., Rose, M., Arck, P., Walter, B.O., Kocalevent, R., Weber, C., Klapp, F.B., The perceived stress questionnaire reconsidered: validation and reference values from different clinical and healthy adult samples, Psychosomatic Medicine, (2005), 67, 78-88.

Kalimo, R., Mejman, T., Psychosocial and behavioural responses to stress at work. In R.Kalimo, M. A. El-Batawi, C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Psychosocial factors at work and their relation to health. Geneva: World Health Organisation. (1987).

Levi, L., Spice of life or kiss of death. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Handbook of stress, medicine, and health, New York CRC Press, (1996), 388.

Fletcher, D., Scott, M., Psychological stress in sport coaches: A review of concepts, research and practise, Journal of Sports Sciences, (2010), 28(2), 127-137.

Thelwell, R.C., Weston, N.J., Greenlees, I.A., Hutchings N.V., Stressors in elite sport: a coach perspective, Journal of Sport Sciences, (2008), 26(9), 905-18.

Shirom, A., What is organizational stress? A facet analytic conceptualization, Journal of Occupational Behaviour, (1982), 3, 21-37.

Cooper, C.L., Dewe, P.J., O’Driscoll, M.P., Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research and applications, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (2001).

Woodman, T., Hardly, L., A case study of organizational stress in elite sport, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, (2001), 13, 207-238.

Hanin, Y.L., Organizational psychology in sport setting, Revista de Psicologia del Deporte, (1993), 3, 17-30.

Fletcher, D,, Hanton. S., Sources of organizational stress in elite sports performers, The Sport Psychologist, (2003), 17, 175-195.

Kroll, W., Competitive athletic stress factors in athletes and coaches. Stress Management for Sport, (1982), edited by L. D. Zaichkowsky and W. E. Sime. AAHPERD, 1- 10.

Martens, R., Coaches guide to sport psychology, Human Kinetics. (1989),

Gazes, P.C., Sovell, B.F., Dellastatious, J.W., Continuous Radioelectrocardiographic Monitoring of Football and Basketball Coaches During Games, American Heart Journal, (1969), 78, 509-512.

Cohn, P., An exploratory study on the sources of stress and athlete burnout in youth golf, The Sport Psychologist, (1990), 4, 95-106.

Gould, D., Jackson, S., Finch, L., Sources of stress in national champion figure skaters. (1993).

Scanlan, T., Stein, G., Ravizza, K., An in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: III. Sources of stress. Journal of sport & Exercise Psychology, (1991), 13, 103-120.

Noblet, A.J., Gifford, S.M., The sources of stress experienced by professional Australian footballers, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, (2002), 14:1, 1-13.

Capel, S.A., Psychological and organizational factors related to burnout in athletic trainers, Athletic Train, (1986),21, 322–327.

Taylor, J., Coaches are people too: an applied model of stress management for sports coaches, Journal of Applied Sports Psychol, (1992), 4, 27–50.

Kelley, B.C., Gill, D.L., An examination of personal/situational variables, stress appraisal, and burnout in collegiate teacher-coaches. Res Q Exercise Sport, (1993), 64, 94 –102.

Kelley, B.C., A model of stress and burnout in collegiate coaches: effects of gender and time of season. Res Q Exercise Sport .(1994),, 65, 48 –58.

Hendrix, E.A., Acevedo, E.U., Hebert, E., An examination of stress and burnout in certified athletic trainers at division I-A Universities, Journal of Athletic Training, (2000), 35(2), 139-144.

Frey, M., Collage Coaches Experiences With Stress “Problem Solvers” Have Problems, Too, The Sport Psychologist, (2007) 21, 38-59

Burton, D.; Raedeke, T., Sport Psychology for Coaches, United States of America. (2008).

Hanton, S., Fletcher, D., Coughlan, G., Stress in elite sport performers: A comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors, Journal of Sport Sciences, (2005), 23(10), 1129-1141.

Levenstein, S., Prantera, C., Varvo, V., Scribano, M.L., Berto, E., Luzi, C., Andreoli, A., Development of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire: a new tool for psychosomatic research. J Psychosom Res, (1993), 37, 19 –32.

House, R.J., Rizzo, J.R., Role conflict and ambiguity as critical variables in a model of organizational behaviour, Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, (1972). 7, 467–505.

Quinn, R.P., Shepard, L.J., The 1972–73 quality of employment survey, Institute for Social Research. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. (1974).

Olusoga, P., Butt. JStress in Elite Sports Coaching: Identifying Stressors, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, (2009), 455.

Amy E.H.; Edmund O, A., Edward H.; An Examination of Stress and Burnout in Certified Athletic Trainers At Division I Universities, Journal of Athletic Training, (2000), 35 (2), 139-144.

Vealey R.S., Udry E.M., Zimmerman V. Soliday J., Intrapersonal and situational predictors of coaching burnout. J Sport Exerc Psychol. (1992), 14, 40-58

Bowes, I.; Jones, R.L., Working at the edge of chaos: Understanding coaching as a complex interpersonal system. The Sport Psychologist, (2006) 20, 235–245.

Downloads

Published

2013-04-26

How to Cite

Donuk, B., Şahin, S., & Yamaner, F. (2013). The examination of sport managers and coaches’ stress levels and depressed mood at work in Turkey. Journal of Human Sciences, 10(1), 1116–1127. Retrieved from https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/2581

Issue

Section

Physical Education and Sport Sciences